Heat exchangers transfer heat between two or more fluids without mixing them, ensuring efficient thermal management in various industrial processes. They come in several types: shell and tube, plate, and air-cooled. In shell and tube exchangers, hot fluid flows through tubes while cool fluid flows around them, transferring heat across the tube walls. Plate exchangers use thin, alternating plates to separate and transfer heat between fluids. Air-cooled exchangers pass hot fluid through finned tubes, cooled by air blown over them. This process maintains desired temperatures, enhances energy efficiency, reduces operational costs, and lowers environmental impact.